The induction motor especially three phase induction motors are widely used AC motor to produce mechanical power in industrial applications. Almost 80% of the motor is a three-phase induction motor among all motors used in industries. Therefore, the induction motor is the most important motor among all other types of motor. The induction motor will run at a slight less speed due to 'slip' which is what gives the motor its torque. For example 5.5kW, 400v, 2 pole motor will run at approximately 2880 rpm. For a four pole machine, 60 x 50 / 2 = 1500 rpm so the same size motor at 5.5kW, 400v but 4 poles will have a nominal speed of 1500rpm but will run near 1455 rpm.
36 pole induction motor
Induction Motor Slot Pole Combinations List
36 pole induction motor
I'm in the process of trying to design a 36 pole induction motor for one of our test beds in the factory. It'll be used to test a range of winches that we manufacture and by controlling this motor through a VSD we can perform certain tests without the primary gear box that gets fitted to the completed unit.
I've looked on the web at the various motor manufacturers - a motor of this size (55kW)does not exist as far as I can see, hence my efforts to design a fit for purpose motor.
Despite my best efforts, all I can achieve is a 25kW design, that runs, but with a terrible power factor (copper losses and a huge differential reaction are killing the machine).
My question (eventually) is this: is this a viable proposition in motor design? Should I be looking at a different type of motor (such as a brushless DC or similar)?
Has anybody had any experience with a motor of this size?
Best Regards
Space harmonics fluxes are produced by the windings, slotting, magnetic saturation, inequalities in the air gap length. These harmonic fluxes induce voltages and circulate harmonic currents in the rotor windings. The interaction between the harmonic currents generated in the rotor and the harmonic fluxes results in the Harmonic torques, vibrations and the noise.
The air gap flux set up by the three phase stator windings carrying sinusoidal currents. The wave shape is non-sinusoidal in nature. According to Fourier series analysis, any non-sinusoidal flux is equivalent to the combination of a number of sinusoidal fluxes of fundamental and higher order harmonics. Since, the flux wave shape has half-wave symmetry, all even harmonics (2,4,6 ……) are absent in Fourier series.
A non-sinusoidal flux can be resolved into fluxes of fundamental and higher order odd harmonics (3, 5, 7, 11, 13, etc). The third harmonic flux wave produced by each of the three phases neutralizes one another. The resultant air gap flux is free from third harmonics and its multiples. This is because the third harmonics in the flux wave of all the three phases are in space phase, but differ in time phase by 120 degrees.
Harmonics Induction Torques
A 3 phase winding carrying a sinusoidal currents produces space harmonics of the order h = 6k ± 1, where k is a positive integer (1, 2, 3…..). The synchronous speed of the hth harmonic is (1/h) times the speed of the fundamental wave. Space harmonic waves rotate in the same direction as the fundamental wave, if h = 6k + 1 and if h = 6k – 1 than it rotates in the opposite direction.
Space harmonic wave of the order h, is equivalent to a machine with the number of poles equal to (h x number of poles of the stator). Therefore, the synchronous speed of the hth space harmonic wave is
Where,
- f = supply frequency
- P = number of poles of the stator
Thus, for the value of k = 1, a 3 phase winding will produce backward rotating fifth harmonic at the speed of (1/5) of the synchronous speed and forward rotating seventh harmonic rotating at a speed of (1/7) of the synchronous speed. These harmonics alone will have an effect on the operation of the motor.
Induction Motor Slot Pole Combinations Diagram
The speed torque characteristics of the fundamental flux and the fifth and seventh space harmonic flux are shown below.
Induction Motor Slot Pole Combinations Chart
The fifth harmonic torque opposes the fundamental component torque as the fifth harmonic flux rotates in the opposite to the rotation of the rotor. Thus, the fifth harmonic flux produces a braking torque. The seventh harmonic flux rotates in the same direction as that of the fundamental flux. Hence, the resultant torque speed characteristic will be the combination of the fundamental fifth and seventh harmonic characteristic.
Induction Motor Slot Pole Combinations Generator
The resultant torque speed characteristics have two dips, one near (1/5) of the synchronous speed and the other near (1/7) of the synchronous speed. The dip near (1/5) of the synchronous speed occurs in the negative direction of the motor rotation.
The motor will accelerate to the point L, which is the interaction between the load torque characteristic and the motor torque-speed curve. This motor torque is developed because of the fundamental flux alone. The load torque curve intersects the motor torque speed characteristics at the point A this is because of the presence of the seventh harmonics flux torque.The seventh harmonic flux torque curve has a negative slope at the point A.
The motor torque falls below the load torque. At this stage, the motor will not accelerate up to its normal speed, but will remain running at a speed which is nearly (1/7) of its normal speed, and the operating point is A. This tendency of the motor to run at a stable speed as low as one seventh of the normal speed Ns. In this condition the motor is unable to pick up its normal speed is known as crawling of the motor.
Crawling can be reduced by reducing fifth and seventh harmonics. This can be done by using a chorded or short pitched winding.
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